An Automatic Molecular Dispenser of Chloride

The combined activity of the 1.1.1‐cryptand and of a dicopper(II) bistren cryptate complex including chloride makes the Cl^? ion be continuously and slowly delivered to the solution, without any external intervention. The 1.1.1‐cryptand slowly releases OH^? ions, according to a defined kinetics, and each OH^? ion displaces a Cl^? ion from the cryptate. Chloride displacement induces a sharp colour change from bright yellow to aquamarine and can be conveniently monitored spectrophotometrically, even in diluted solutions. The 1.1.1‐cryptand is the motor of a molecular dispenser (the dicopper(II) cryptate) delivering chloride ion automatically, from the inside of the solution.     

Efficient Green‐Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Ionic Iridium Complexes with Sulfone‐Containing Cyclometalating Ligands

A new approach to obtain green‐emitting iridium(III) complexes is described. The synthetic approach consists of introducing a methylsulfone electron‐withdrawing substituent into a 4‐phenylpyrazole cyclometalating ligand in order to stabilize the highest‐occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Six new complexes have been synthesized incorporating the conjugate base of 1‐(4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)‐1 H‐pyrazole as the cyclometalating ligand. The complexes show green emission and very high photoluminescence quantum yields in both diluted and concentrated films. When used as the main active component in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), green electroluminance is observed. High efficiencies and luminances are obtained at low driving voltages. This approach for green emitters is an alternative to the widely used fluorine‐based substituents in the cyclometalating ligands and opens new design possibilities for the synthesis of green emitters for LECs.     

Biomimetic Synthesis of Materials for Technology

In a world with ever decreasing natural reserves, researchers are striving to find sustainable methods of producing components for technology. Bioinspired, biokleptic and biomimetic materials can be used to form a wide range of technologically relevant materials under environmentally friendly conditions. Here we investigate a range of biotemplated and bioinspired materials that can be used to develop components for devices, such as optics, photonics, photovoltaics, circuits and data storage.     

二维半导体材料与器件——从传统二维光电材料到石墨炔

近年来,二维半导体材料由于其独特的材料结构和电子输运特性得到了科学界的广泛关注,被应用于光电器件、催化和生物传感器等领域。本文系统概述了传统二维材料以及新兴二维材料石墨炔的发现和发展历程。重点聚焦在二维材料在光探测器领域中的应用,探讨了不同二维材料体系及器件结构对光探测器性能的影响;并详细介绍了新兴二维材料——石墨炔,及其合成和应用。展望了传统二维材料及石墨炔在光电转换器件的应用中所面临的机遇和挑战。     

氧化程度对微细鳞片可膨胀石墨结构及膨胀性的影响

以平均粒径为19.71μm的天然微细鳞片石墨为原料,通过化学氧化法制备了具有不同氧化程度的可膨胀石墨,采用XRD、FTIR、Raman、SEM等对可膨胀石墨的结构与膨胀性进行了表征。结果表明：当氧化程度较低时制得的微细鳞片可膨胀石墨由石墨、石墨层间化合物和氧化石墨三相组成;随着氧化程度的增加,氧化石墨相含量与可膨胀石墨结构无序程度逐渐增高,石墨层间化合物相含量先增加后减少,石墨相含量则逐渐降低;氧化促使HSO₄^-或SO₄^2-插入石墨层间,插入层间的HSO₄^-或SO₄^2-量是决定可膨胀石墨膨胀容积的关键因素,制备的微细鳞片膨胀石墨的膨胀容积可达65.9mL·g^-1。     

Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and multiple‐scattering simulation of nickel dithiolene complexes Ni[S2C2(CF3)2]2n (n = −2, −1, 0) and an olefin adduct Ni[S2C2(CF3)2]2(1‐hexene)

A series of Ni dithiolene complexes Ni[S₂C₂(CF₃)]₂ⁿ (n = ?2, ?1, 0) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) and a 1‐hexene adduct Ni[S₂C₂(CF₃)₂]₂(C₆H₁₂) ( 4 ) have been examined by Ni K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies. Ni XANES for 1 – 3 reveals clear pre‐edge features and approximately +0.7 eV shift in the Ni K‐edge position for `one‐electron' oxidation. EXAFS simulation shows that the Ni—S bond distances for 1 , 2 and 3 (2.11–2.16 Å) are within the typical values for square planar complexes and decrease by ～0.022 Å for each `one‐electron' oxidation. The changes in Ni K‐edge energy positions and Ni—S distances are consistent with the `non‐innocent' character of the dithiolene ligand. The Ni—C interactions at ～3.0 Å are analyzed and the multiple‐scattering parameters are also determined, leading to a better simulation for the overall EXAFS spectra. The 1‐hexene adduct 4 presents no pre‐edge feature, and its Ni K‐edge position shifts by ?0.8 eV in comparison with its starting dithiolene complex 3 . Consistently, EXAFS also showed that the Ni—S distances in 4 elongate by ～0.046 Å in comparison with 3 . The evidence confirms that the neutral complex is `reduced' upon addition of olefin, presumably by olefin donating the π‐electron density to the LUMO of 3 as suggested by UV/visible spectroscopy in the literature.     

基于多功能数据采集卡和变速PID的转台控制系统设计

为了提高采用转台对惯导系统和惯性仪表进行误差模型标定时的可靠性和精度,对角位置转台的控制系统进行了研究。首先借助NI公司PXI-8101控制器和功能强大的数据采集卡PXIe-6363对转台控制系统进行了硬件设计。随后在对转台常规PID控制方法研究的基础上提出了一种能随系统调节偏差自动改变积分项累加速度的变速PID控制方法。接着又对基于软件实现的双通道旋转变压器轴角解调算法进行了研究并提出了一种粗精组合角纠错方法。最后对本文设计的转台控制系统进行了测试实验,结果表明提出的轴角解调算法具有较好的解码速度和精度,并且变速PID控制方法大大提高了转台控制系统的自学习能力和鲁棒性,显著地改善了转台控制过程的稳定性。     

APU故障智能诊断系统设计

针对高旋环境下测试困难、测量精度低这一问题,提出了一种能在高旋环境下实现轴向减速装置,以达到稳定的良好的测试环境。该装置通过驱动仓内大量程陀螺仪测得的转速反馈给控制系统,控制系统输出控制信号来控制伺服电机,同时电机捷联内筒仓,使其相对外部转动方向反向旋转,实现轴向减速。实验结果表明,该装置可在高旋弹药飞行过程中提供稳定测试环境,从而得到更精准的姿态解算结果,为高旋环境下的测试提供了新的思路,具有广阔的应用前景。